Method and system of self-contained and self-powered controller

ABSTRACT

The disclosure relates generally to an electrochromic system. The system may include one or more electrochromic devices and a central control device. Each electrochromic device may include two glass layers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, a controller, and a control device. The two adhesive layers may be disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers. The electrochromic film may be disposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer. The controller may include a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output. The power converter may be configured to receive power from a power source. The power source may include an energy storage integrated with the controller. The signal receiver may be configured to receive a control signal. The power output may be coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film. The control device may be configured to send the control signal to the signal receiver. The central control device may be configured to globally control optical states of all of the one or more electrochromic devices.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to electrochromic films, and inparticular, to methods and systems for controlling electrochromicdevices.

BACKGROUND

Electrochromism is a phenomenon displayed by some materials ofreversibly changing optical properties by using bursts of charges tocause electrochemical redox (reduction and oxidation) reactions inelectrochromic materials. The optical properties may includetransmittance, reflectance, absorptance and emittance. In particular,electrochromic materials exhibit a reversible color change.

In an application of smart windows, electrochromic films are integratedwith the glass window to become serviceable. Electric controller areused to control the electrochromic films integrated with glass windows(i.e., smart windows). The smart windows can be controlled locally andglobally. In a building with many smart windows integrated withelectrochromic films, a user may be able to control each single windowindependently as well as to control all the windows simultaneously by acentral unit to overwrite the local control. To simplify installationsof smart windows, a control unit could be integrated into a smart windowas a self-contained and self-powered unit. In such control unit, noexternal power is needed. In addition, the installation can be furthersimplified by utilizing wireless charging.

In the present disclosure, we present different methods and systems forcontrolling state of electrochromic devices.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to an electrochromicsystem. The system may include one or more electrochromic devices and acentral control device. Each electrochromic device may include two glasslayers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, a controller, and acontrol device. The two adhesive layers may be disposed on innersurfaces of the two glass layers. The electrochromic film may bedisposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic filmincluding an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte,and a charge storage layer. The controller may include a powerconverter, a signal receiver, and a power output. The power convertermay be configured to receive power from a power source. The power sourcemay be include energy storage integrated with the controller. The signalreceiver may be configured to receive a control signal. The power outputmay be coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to providepower to the electrochromic film to control optical state of theelectrochromic film. The control device may be configured to send thecontrol signal to the signal receiver. The central control device may beconfigured to globally control optical states of all of the one or moreelectrochromic devices.

One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to an electrochromicsystem. The system may include one or more electrochromic devices and awireless central control device. Each electrochromic device may includetwo glass layers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, acontroller, and a wireless control device. The two adhesive layers maybe disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers. Theelectrochromic film may be disposed between the two adhesive layers, theelectrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solidpolymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer. The controller mayinclude a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output. Thepower converter may be configured to receive power from a power source.The power source may include an energy storage integrated with thecontroller. The signal receiver may be configured to receive a controlsignal. The power output may be coupled to the electrochromic film andconfigured to provide power to the electrochromic film to controloptical state of the electrochromic film. The wireless control devicemay be configured to send the control signal to the signal receiver. Thewireless central control device may be configured to globally controloptical states of all of the one or more electrochromic devices.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to anelectrochromic system. The system may include a plurality ofelectrochromic devices. Each electrochromic device may include anelectrochromic film, a controller, one or more ZigBee coordinators, anda ZigBee gateway. The electrochromic film may include an electrochromicmaterial layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer.The controller may include a ZigBee receiver configured receive controlsignals to control optical state of the electrochromic film. Each ZigBeecoordinator may be configured to communicate with one or more of theZigBee receivers. The ZigBee gateway may be configured to communicatewith the ZigBee coordinators and be connected to the Internet.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system forglobally controlling a plurality of smart windows in a multi-floorbuilding through ZigBee protocol. The system may comprise a plurality ofZigBee receivers, one or more ZigBee coordinators, and one ZigBeegateway. Each ZigBee receiver may be configured to be installed on eachsmart window, and receive controlling signals to control optical stateof the each smart window. Each ZigBee coordinator may be configured tobe installed on each floor, and coordinate ZigBee receivers on the samefloor. The ZigBee gateway may be configured to globally and remotelycontrol optical sates of all smart windows in the building. The ZigBeereceivers and the ZigBee coordinators may form a ZigBee network, and theZigBee gateway may be configured to connect the ZigBee network to theInternet.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to anelectrochromic device. The electrochromic device may include two glasslayers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, a controller, and acontrol device. The two adhesive layers may be disposed on innersurfaces of the two glass layers. The electrochromic film may bedisposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic filmincluding an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte,and a charge storage layer. The controller may include a powerconverter, a signal receiver, and a power output. The power convertermay be configured to receive power from a power source. The power sourcemay include an energy storage integrated with the controller. The signalreceiver may be configured to receive a control signal. The power outputmay be coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to providepower to the electrochromic film to control optical state of theelectrochromic film. The control device may be configured to send thecontrol signal to the signal receiver.

Other objects, features and advantages of the described embodiments willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription. It is to be understood, however, that the detaileddescription and specific examples, while indicating preferredembodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustrationand not limitation. Many changes and modifications within the scope ofthe present invention may be made without departing from the spiritthereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred and non-limiting embodiments of the invention may be morereadily understood by referring to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a graphical presentation illustrating a simplified schematicof an electrochromic device, consistent with exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a simplified schematic of anelectrochromic device comprising a solid polymer electrolyte therein,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a graphical presentation illustrating a controller, consistentwith exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a graphical presentation illustrating a system with wiredlocal and wired global control of electrochromic device, consistent withexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a graphical presentation illustrating a system with wirelesslocal control and wired global control of electrochromic devices,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a graphical presentation illustrating a system with wirelesslocal and wireless global control, consistent with exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a graphical representation illustrating a system with a globalcontrol of multiple electrochromic devices through ZigBee protocol,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a graphical presentation illustrating a system with wiredlocal control and wireless global control of electrochromic devices,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a graphical presentation illustrating a self-contained andself-powered controller, consistent with exemplary embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a graphical presentation illustrating a self-contained andself-powered controller with a solar cell, consistent with exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a graphical illustration showing a simplified schematic of asmart window with an integrated solar cell, consistent with exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a graphical presentation illustrating a wireless chargingcontroller 1400 with an energy receiver and an energy transmitter,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a graphical illustration showing a simplified schematic of asmart window with an energy receiver, consistent with exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is graphical illustration showing a simplified schematic of asmart window with an energy receiver and an energy transmitter,consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Specific, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will now bedescribed with reference to the drawings. It should be understood thatparticular features and aspects of any embodiment disclosed herein maybe used and/or combined with particular features and aspects of anyother embodiment disclosed herein. It should also be understood thatsuch embodiments are by way of example and are merely illustrative ofbut a small number of embodiments within the scope of the presentinvention. Various changes and modifications obvious to one skilled inthe art to which the present invention pertains are deemed to be withinthe spirit, scope and contemplation of the present invention as furtherdefined in the appended claims.

Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the presentspecification and claims, the word “comprise” and variations thereof,such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open,inclusive sense, that is as “including, but not limited to”. Numericranges are also inclusive of the numbers defining the range.Additionally, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include pluralreferents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of thephrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment, but may be in some instances. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined inany suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

Electrochromic materials are commonly used in electrochromic devices.FIG. 1 is a graphical illustration showing a simplified schematic of anelectrochromic device 100 (e.g., a smart window), consistent withexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The electrochromicdevice 101 may include two layers of glass 101, two adhesive layers 102,an electrochromic film 103, one or more electric wires 104, and acontroller 105 (as shown in FIG. 3).

The electrochromic film 103 is sandwiched between the two layers ofglass 101. The adhesive layers 102 are configured to attached theelectrochromic film 103 to the layers of glass 101. The integration ofthe electrochromic film 103 with the window (layers of glass 101) isdescribed in details in patent application U.S. Ser. No. 15/399,852,which is incorporated herein by reference.

One end 104 a of the electric wires 104 is electrically connected to theelectrochromic film 103. The other end 104 b of the electric wires 104is electrically connected to the controller 105. The controller 105 maybe configured to control the state of the electrochromic device 100 bycontrolling the states of the electrochromic film 103. The controller105 may be placed outside the glass 101, or laminated between the twolayers of glass 101 similar to the electrochromic film 103.

In some embodiments, the adhesive layers may include a polymericmaterial, particularly a thermosetting polymer material. Suitablethermoset polymer materials may include, but are not limited to,polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethanes,etc. In some embodiments, the two adhesive layers may comprise amaterial that not only is configured to bond the electrochromic filmthereto, but is also transparent. The two adhesive layers may use thesame materials or different materials.

The electrochromic film 103 comprising a solid electrolyte disposedtherein, according to one embodiment. The detailed structure of theelectronic film 103 is shown in FIG. 2 and described in detail below.

The exemplary electrochromic device 100 shown in FIG. 1 can be theelectrochromic devices described in the specification and shown in theother figures.

As shown in FIG. 2, the electrochromic film 103 may include a firsttransparent electrically conductive film 1312 and a second transparentelectrically conductive film 1310. The first and second electricallyconductive films 1312, 1310 may have the same or different dimensions,comprise the same or different material, etc. In some embodiments, thefirst and second transparent electrically conductive films may beadhesive films as shown in FIG. 1. In some other embodiments, the firstand second transparent electrically conductive films may be additionalfilms. The first and second electrically conductive films 1312, 1310 mayalso each independently have a single layer or multilayer structure.Suitable material for the first and second electrically conductive films1312, 1310 may include, but is not limited to, tin doped indium oxide(ITO), fluorine doped indium oxide, antimony doped indium oxide, zincdoped indium oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, silver nano wire, metalmesh, combinations thereof, and/or other such transparent materialexhibiting sufficient electrical conductance. In preferred aspects, thefirst and second electrically conductive films 1312, 1310 may compriseITO. The power output 302 may be configured to supply power between thefirst and second electrically conductive films 1312, 1310.

As further shown in FIG. 2, a layer 1314 of electrochromic material isdeposited on the interior surface 1316 of the first electricallyconductive film 1312. The layer 1314 of electrochromic material isconfigured to effect a reversible color change upon reduction (gain ofelectrons) or oxidation (loss of electron) caused by exposure to anelectrical current. In some embodiments, the layer 1314 ofelectrochromic material may be configured to change from a transparentstate to a colored state, or from a colored state to another coloredstate, upon oxidation or reduction. In some embodiments, the layer 1314of electrochromic material may be a polyelectrochromic material in whichmore than two redox states are possible, and may thus exhibit severalcolors.

In some embodiments, the layer 1314 of electrochromic material maycomprise an organic electrochromic material, an inorganic electrochromicmaterial, a mixture of both, etc. The layer 1314 of electrochromicmaterial may also be a reduction colored material (i.e., a material thatbecomes colored upon acquisition of electrons), or an oxidation coloredmaterial (i.e., a material that becomes colored upon the loss ofelectrons).

In some embodiments, the layer 1314 of electrochromic material mayinclude a metal oxide such as MoO₃, V₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, WO₃, TiO₂, Ir(OH)_(x),SrTiO₃, ZrO₂, La₂O₃, CaTiO₃, sodium titanate, potassium niobate,combinations thereof, etc. In some embodiments, the layer 1314 ofelectrochromic material may include a conductive polymer such aspoly-3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene (PEDOT), poly-2,2′-bithiophene,polypyrrole, polyaniline (PANI), polythiopene, polyisothianaphthene,poly(o-aminophenol), polypyridine, polyindole, polycarbazole,polyquinone, octacyanophthalocyanine, combinations thereof, etc.Moreover, in some embodiments, the layer 1314 of electrochromic materialmay include materials, such as viologen, anthraquinone, phenocyazine,combinations thereof, etc. Additional examples of electrochromicmaterials, particularly those including multicolored electrochromicpolymers, may be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 62/331,760, filedMay 4, 2016, titled Multicolored Electrochromic Polymer Compositions andMethods of Making and Using the Same, and U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/399,839, filed on Jan. 6, 2017, titled MulticoloredElectrochromic Polymer Compositions and Methods of Making and Using theSame. The entirety of the above-referenced two applications are hereinincorporated by reference.

As additionally shown in FIG. 2, a charge storage layer 1318 isdeposited on the interior surface 1320 of the second electricallyconductive film 1310. Suitable materials for the charge storage layer1318 may include, but are not limited to, vanadium oxide, binary oxides(e.g., CoO, IrO₂, MnO, NiO, and PrO_(x)), ternary oxides (e.g.,Ce_(x)V_(y)O_(z)), etc.

In some embodiments, the charge storage layer 1318 may be replaced withan optional second layer of electrochromic material. This optionalsecond layer of electrochromic material may have the same or differentdimensions, comprise the same or different composition, etc., as thefirst layer 1314 of electrochromic material.

The electrochromic film 103 also includes an electrolyte layer 1322positioned between the layer 1314 of electrochromic material and thecharge storage layer 1318. In some embodiments, the electrolyte layer1322 may include a liquid electrolyte as known in the art. In someembodiments, the electrolyte layer 1322 may include a solid stateelectrolyte, including but not limited to, Ta₂O₅, MgF, Li₃N, LiPO₄,LiBO₂—Li₂SO₄, etc. In some embodiments, the electrolyte layer 1322 mayinclude a polymer based electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt(e.g., LiTFSI, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂, LiSbFg,LiAsF₆, LiN(CF₃CF₂SO₂)₂, (C₂H₅)₄NBF₄, (C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄, LiI, etc.), apolymer matrix (e.g., polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidenefluoride(PVDF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyethylene oxide(PEO), poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), polyvinyl nitrile, etc.), and one ormore optional plasticizers (e.g., glutaronitrile, succinonitrile,adiponitrile, fumaronitrile, etc.).

In some embodiments, the electrolyte layer 1322 comprises a solidpolymer electrolyte. In one embodiment, the solid polymer electrolytecomprises a polymer framework, at least one solid plasticizer, and atleast one electrolyte salt. In some embodiments, the polymer frameworkmay include a polar polymer material having an average molecular weightof about 10,000 Daltons or greater. In particular embodiments, the polarpolymer material may have an average molecular weight in a range fromabout 10,000 Daltons to about 800,000,000 Daltons. In some embodiments,the polar polymer material may be present in an amount ranging fromabout 15 wt. % to about 80 wt. % based on the total weight of the solidpolymer electrolyte.

The aforementioned polar polymer material may include one or more polarpolymers, each of which may include one or more of: C, N, F, O, H, P, F,etc. Suitable polar polymers may include, but are not limited to,polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene,poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl nitrile, combinations thereof, etc.In embodiments where a plurality of polar polymers is present, thepolymers may be crosslinked to form a network having enhanced mechanicalproperties.

The polar polymer material may have a sufficient amorphicity so as toachieve sufficient ion conductivity. Amorphous polymer materialstypically exhibit high ion conductivities. Accordingly, in someembodiments, the polar material disclosed herein may have an amorphous,or a substantially amorphous, microstructure.

In some embodiments, the polar polymer material may have asemi-crystalline or crystalline microstructure. In such cases, variousmodifications may be implemented with respect to the polymer material tosuppress the crystallinity thereof. For instance, one modification mayinvolve use of branched polar polymers, linear random copolymers, blockcopolymers, comb polymers, and/or star-shaped polar polymers. Anothermodification may include incorporation of an effective amount of solidplasticizers in the polar polymer material, as discussed in greaterdetail below.

Various properties of the polar polymer material also may be selectedand/or modified to maximize ion conductivity. These properties mayinclude, but are not limited to, glass transition temperature, segmentalmobility/flexibility of the polymer backbone and/or any side chainsattached thereto, orientation of the polymers, etc.

As noted above, the presently disclosed solid electrolyte may include atleast one solid plasticizer. The at least one solid plasticizer may besubstantially miscible in the polymer framework of the solidplasticizer. The at least one solid plasticizer may include an organicmaterial (e.g., small, solid organic molecules) and/or an oligomericpolymer material, in some embodiments. In various embodiments, the atleast one solid plasticizer may be selected from the group includingglutaronitrile, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, fumaronitrile, andcombinations thereof.

In some embodiments, a plurality of solid plasticizers may be present inthe polymer framework, where each plasticizer may independently includean organic material (e.g., small, solid organic molecules) and/or anoligomeric polymer material. Particularly, each plasticizer mayindependently be glutaronitrile, succinonitrile, adiponitrile,fumaronitrile, etc. Moreover, the dimensions of at least two, some, amajority, or all of the plasticizers may be the same or different as oneanother.

In some embodiments, the total amount of solid plasticizer may be in arange from about 20 wt. % to about 80 wt. % based on the total weight ofthe solid electrolyte.

As additionally noted above, the solid polymer electrolyte may includeat least one electrolyte salt. In some embodiments, the at least oneelectrolyte salt may comprise an organic salt. In some embodiments, theat least one electrolyte salt may comprise an inorganic salt. Suitableelectrolyte salts may include, but are not limited to, LiTFSI, LiPF₆,LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃, LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂, LiSbFg, LiAsF₆, LiN(CF₃CF₂SO₂)₂,(C₂H₅)₄NBF₄, (C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄, LiI, combinations thereof, etc. In someembodiments, the total amount of electrolyte salt may be in a range fromabout 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. % based on the total weight of the solidelectrolyte.

The solid polymer electrolyte is distinguishable from conventionalliquid electrolytes, as well as gel polymer electrolytes including anionic liquid therein. In other words, the presently disclosed solidpolymer electrolyte may be an all solid polymer electrolyte, and doesnot include any liquid or gel components therein. The presentlydisclosed solid polymer electrolyte may also be transparent in someaspects. Additionally, the solid polymer electrolyte may have an ionconductivity in a range from about 10⁻⁷ S/cm to about 10⁻³ S/cm.

Methods of making the presently disclosed solid polymer electrolyte mayinclude synthesis, polymerization, solvation, etc. processes as known inthe art. In one particular, non-limiting embodiment, a method of makingthe presently disclosed polymer electrolyte may include: (a) combiningthe polymer framework, the at least one plasticizer, and the at leastone electrolyte salt in an appropriate solvent; and (b) removing thesolvent to obtain the solid polymer electrolyte. Exemplary solvents mayinclude, but are not limited to, acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran,etc. In some embodiments, one or more experimental parameters may beoptimized to facilitate the dissolving of the polymer framework,plasticizer, and electrolyte salt in the solvent. These experimentalparameters may include the components remain in the solvent,agitation/stirring of the solvent, etc.

In some embodiments, the electrolyte layer 1322 of FIG. 2 comprises asolid polymer electrolyte, such as the solid polymer electrolytesdescribed above, and does not include any liquid or gel electrolyte.Such a solid polymer electrolyte (i) has sufficient mechanical strengthyet is versatile in shape so as to allow easy formation into thin films,and thin-film shaped products; (ii) avoids issues related to adhesionand print processing affecting conventional electrolytes; (iii) providesstable contact between the electrolyte/electrode interfaces (those withand without the electrochromic material coating thereon); (iv) avoidsthe problem of leakage commonly associated with liquid electrolytes; (v)has desirable non-toxic and non-flammable properties; (vi) avoidsproblems associated with evaporation due to its lack of vapor pressure;(vii) exhibits improved ion conductivities as compared to conventionpolymer electrolytes; etc.

Additional examples of electrolyte materials, particularly thoseincluding solid polymer electrolytes, may be found in U.S. PatentApplication No. 62/323,407, filed Apr. 15, 2016, titled Solid PolymerElectrolyte for Electrochromic Devices, and U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/487,325, filed on Apr. 13, 2017, titled Solid Polymer Electrolytefor Electrochromic Devices. The entirety of the above-referenced twoapplications are herein incorporated by reference.

The electrochromic film 103 may be used in various applications and/orin permutations, which may or may not be noted in the illustrativeembodiments/aspects described herein. For instance, the electrochromicfilm 103 may include more or less features/components than those shownin FIG. 2, in some embodiments. Additionally, unless otherwisespecified, one or more components of the electrochromic film 103 may beof conventional material, design, and/or fabricated using knowntechniques (e.g., sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physicalvapor deposition (PVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD), spray coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating,printing, etc.), as would be appreciated by skilled artisans uponreading the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a graphical presentation illustrating a controller, consistentwith exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The controller 105may include a power converter 301, a power output control 302, and asignal receiver 303. The power converter 301 may convert input powerfrom a power source to the power required by the signal receiver 303 andthe power output control 302. The power source could be either a powersource integrated with the controller 105 as a self-contained,self-powered unit, or an external power source, provided by, forexample, power of a building where the electrochromic device isinstalled. The power output control 302 may be configured to supplypower to the electrochromic film 103 to control optical state of theelectrochromic film 103. The optical state of an electrochromic film mayrefer to lightness, transparency, color, reflectance, etc. Since thestate of the electrochromic film 103 is driven by electric charges, thepower output control 302 can inject into or extract a certain amount ofelectric charges from the electrochromic film 103 based on the signalsthe signal receiver 303 receives, in order to change the state of theelectrochromic film 103. The signal receiver 303 may be configured toreceive signals sent to the controller 105, and transfer the signals tothe power output control 302. In some embodiments, the signal receiver303 may be connected to a control device and a central control device toprovide both local and global controls of the electrochromic device 100.

In one embodiment, a signal receiver may be connected to a controldevice and a central control device through cables, i.e., wired localand wired global control. FIG. 4 shows a graphic presentationillustrating a system 400 with wired local and wired global control ofelectrochromic devices (e.g. smart windows) through cables, consistentwith exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 400 mayinclude one or more electrochromic devices 401, one or more controllers402, one or more control devices 403, a central control device 404, aplurality of wires/cables 405 a, and a bus line 405 b. In someembodiments, the electrochromic devices 401 may be smart windows. Eachelectrochromic device 401 is installed with a controller 402. In someembodiments, the controller 402 may be embedded inside the frame of thesmart window, or installed outside the window. In some embodiments, thecontroller 402 may be laminated between layers of glass of theelectrochromic device 401.

Each controller 402 includes a signal receiver 402 a. Each signalreceiver 402 a is independently connected to a control device 403through wires/cables 405 a. The control device 403 is a local deviceinstalled nearby the electrochromic device 401. By flipping (touching orpressing a button on) the control device 403, control signals can betransferred to the signal receiver 402 a, and the state of theelectrochromic device can be changed accordingly.

The signal receivers 402 a of the one or more electrochromic devices 401are also bundled together, and connected to a central control device 404through a bus line 405 b. The central control device 404 may beconfigured to control all the electrochromic devices 401 in a room, in afloor, or in a whole building. In some embodiments, the central controldevice 404 may send a control signal to collectively and simultaneouslychange all the electrochromic devices 401 to a same state. In someembodiments, the central control device 404 may send a control signal toa specific electrochromic device 401 to change its state. In someembodiments, the central control device 404 may send a control signal tosome selected electrochromic devices 401 to change their statessimultaneously.

The control device 403 and/or the central control device 404 can be anon-off switch, which has on-and-off two states. In some embodiments, thecontrol device 403 and/or the central control device 404 can havedimming capabilities, which can have multiple states, each correspondingto a light transmission level. The multiple states can be discrete orcontinuous, and can be states of lightness, transparency, color, and/orreflectance. The electrochromic devices 401 change to different color,lightness, transparency, or reflectance level corresponding to differentamount of electric charges. In some embodiments, the control deviceand/or the central control device can be operated by mechanical touch,voice, radio, optical waves, etc. Similarly, the control device and/orthe central control device described in the other embodiments of thepresent application may have similar features as described above.

In another embodiment, electrochromic devices may be locally controlledby wireless protocol, and globally controlled by a wired central controldevice, i.e., wireless local control and wired global control. FIG. 5shows a graphical presentation illustrating a system 500 with wirelesslocal control and wired global control of electrochromic devices (e.g.smart windows), consistent with exemplary embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The system 500 may include one or more electrochromicdevices 501, one or more controllers 502, one or more wireless controldevices 503, a central control device 504, and a bus line 505. Eachelectrochromic device 501 is installed with a controller 502. In someembodiments, the controller 502 may be embedded inside the frame of thesmart window, or installed outside the window. In some embodiments, thecontroller 502 may be laminated between layers of glass of theelectrochromic device 501.

Each controller 502 includes a signal receiver 502 a. To provide awireless local control, each signal receiver 502 a is capable ofreceiving wireless signals, and being operated by wireless communicationprotocol. Each signal receiver 502 a is independently and wirelesslyconnected to a wireless control device 503. The wireless control device503 is configured to control the electrochromic device 501 via wirelesscommunication protocol. The wireless communication protocol could beradio frequency, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, etc., oroptical waves, such as infrared radiation which is popularly used inconsumer electronics, or sound waves. For radio frequency communicationprotocol, the wireless control device 503 may be an app installed in aradio frequency enabled terminal device, or a stand-alone unit beingoperated close to the window. For optical waves, the wireless controldevice 503 could be a remote controller. For sound waves, theelectrochromic device 501 can be controlled by voice. For example, thesignal receiver 502 a may include microphone that receives voice signaland have voice recognition capability to convert the received voicesignal to electric signal. In this example, the electrochromic device501 may not need a control device. The electrochromic device 501 isconfigured to respond to its wireless control device 503, and change thestate of the electrochromic film accordingly. Each wireless controldevice 503 may have a unique frequency, and the signal receiver 502 acorresponding to the wireless control device 503 is configured toreceive signals with that unique frequency. By this way, each wirelesscontrol device 503 can send signals to a corresponding signal receiver502 a. In another embodiment, each wireless control device 503 may havean ID, which is included in the signal sent by that wireless controldevice 503. When the signal receiver 502 a receives the signals from awireless control device 503, it will first determine whether itrecognizes the ID. If the signal receiver 502 a recognizes the ID, itwill process the signals from the wireless control device 503. In someembodiments, the multiple wireless control devices 503 can beimplemented on one terminal device (e.g., a smart phone, template,wearable device, or computer). The terminal device may transmit signalswith different frequencies or different IDs to correspondingelectrochromic devices 501.

In addition to the wireless local control, the signal receiver 502 a ofthe one or more electrochromic devices 501 may be also bundled together,and connected to a central control device 504 through a bus line 505.The central control device 504 may be configured to control all theelectrochromic devices 501 in a room, in a floor, or in a wholebuilding. In some embodiments, the central control device 504 may send acontrol signal to collectively and simultaneously change all theelectrochromic devices 501 to a same state. In some embodiments, thecentral control device 504 may also send a control signal to a specificelectrochromic device 501 to change its state. In some embodiments, thecentral control device 504 may send a control signal to some selectedelectrochromic devices 501 to change their states simultaneously.

In another embodiment, electrochromic devices may be locally andglobally controlled by wireless protocol. FIG. 6 shows a graphicalpresentation illustrating a system 600 with wireless local and globalcontrol (e.g. smart windows), consistent with exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The system 600 may include one or moreelectrochromic devices 601, one or more controllers 602, one or morewireless control devices 603, and a wireless central control device 604.In some embodiments, the electrochromic devices 601 may be smartwindows. Each electrochromic device 601 is installed with a controller602. In some embodiments, the controller 602 may be embedded inside theframe of the smart window, or installed outside the window. In someembodiments, the controller 602 may be laminated between layers of glassof the electrochromic device 101.

Each controller 602 includes a wireless signal receiver 602 a. Eachsignal receiver 602 a is capable of receiving wireless signals, andbeing operated by a wireless communication protocol. Each signalreceiver 602 a is independently and wirelessly connected to a wirelesscontrol device 603. The wireless control device 603 is configured tocontrol the electrochromic device 601 via a wireless communicationprotocol. The wireless communication protocol could be radio frequency,such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, etc., or optical waves, suchas infrared radiation which is popularly used in consumer electronics,or sound waves. For radio frequency communication protocol, the wirelesscontrol device 603 may be an app installed in a radio frequency enabledterminal device, or a stand-alone unit being operated close to thewindow. For optical waves, the wireless control device 603 could be aremote controller. For sound waves, the electrochromic device 601 can becontrolled by voice. The electrochromic device 601 is configured torespond to its wireless control device 603, and change the state of theelectrochromic film accordingly.

In addition to the wireless local control, the signal receivers 602 a ofthe one or more electrochromic devices 601 are also wirelessly connectedto a wireless central control device 604. Each signal receiver 602 a maybe directly connected to the wireless central control device 604, orconnected to each other in a mesh network architecture. The wirelesscentral control device 604 is configured to control the electrochromicdevices 601 via wireless communication protocol. The wirelesscommunication protocol could be wireless protocol Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, orZigBee. The wireless central control device 604 may be configured tocontrol all the electrochromic devices 601 in a room, in a floor, or ina whole building. In some embodiments, the wireless central controldevice 604 may send a control signal to collectively and simultaneouslychange all the electrochromic devices 601 to a same state. In someembodiments, the wireless central control device 604 may also send acontrol signal to a specific electrochromic device 601 to change itsstate. In some embodiments, the wireless central control device 604 maysend a control signal to some selected electrochromic devices 601 tochange their states simultaneously. Similar to other embodiments, thecontrol device 603 and central control device 604 may use differentfrequencies or IDs to control different electrochromic devices 601.

FIG. 7 is a graphical representation illustrating a system 700 with aglobal control of multiple, for example, 10 k electrochromic devices(e.g. smart windows) through ZigBee protocol, consistent with exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure. The system may include a ZigBeegateway 701, a plurality of ZigBee coordinators 702, and a plurality ofZigBee receivers 703. The system 700 may be installed in a building witha plurality of floors, and each floor may include a plurality of smartwindows. Each smart window may be installed with a ZigBee receiver 703.The ZigBee receiver 703 is configured to receive controlling signals tocontrol the state of the smart window. A ZigBee coordinator 702 isinstalled on each floor, and has transmitters configured to transmitsignals to the ZigBee receivers 703 on the same floor to change thestate of the smart windows on the floor. The ZigBee receivers 703 andthe ZigBee coordinators 702 may form a ZigBee network, and the ZigBeegateway 701 is configured to connect the ZigBee network to the Internet,offering central and remote controls of the smart windows in the wholebuilding.

In general, a ZigBee transmitter's transmission distances is between 10to 100 meters, depending on power output and environmental conditions.Within a 100-meter transmission distance, ZigBee protocol is suitablefor controlling all smart windows on a same floor in a commercialbuilding. In the case of a large building, the ZigBee transmitters cantransmit data over long distances by passing data through a mesh networkof intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.

Take a high rise commercial building with 100 floors as an example(shown in FIG. 7). Each floor may have 100 large-sized smart windows. Oneach floor, a ZigBee coordinator 702 may be configured to coordinate the100 smart windows to switch simultaneously. To control the wholebuilding's smart windows, a total of 100 ZigBee coordinators 702 arerequired. The 100 ZigBee coordinators 702 are connected to a ZigBeegateway 701 which connects the ZigBee network to the Internet.Accordingly, the state of the 10 k smart windows in the whole buildingcan be controlled remotely via a central control device.

In another embodiment, electrochromic devices may be locally controlledby a wired control device, and globally controlled by wireless protocol.FIG. 8 shows a graphic presentation illustrating a system 800 with wiredlocal control and wireless global control of electrochromic devices(e.g. smart windows), consistent with exemplary embodiments of thepresent disclosure. The system 800 may include one or moreelectrochromic devices 801, one or more controllers 802, one or morecontrol devices 803, a wireless central control device 804, and aplurality of cables/wires 805. In some embodiments, the electrochromicdevices 801 may be smart windows. Each electrochromic device 801 isinstalled with a controller 802. In some embodiments, the controller 802may be embedded inside the frame of the smart window, or installedoutside the window. In some embodiments, the controller 802 may belaminated between layers of glass of the electrochromic device 801.

Each controller 802 includes a signal receiver 802 a. To provide awireless global control, each signal receiver 802 a is capable ofreceiving wireless signals, and being operated by wireless communicationprotocol. The signal receivers 802 a of the one or more electrochromicdevices 801 are wirelessly connected to a wireless central controldevice 804. Each signal receiver 802 a may be directly connected to thewireless central control device 804, or connected to each other in amesh network architecture. The wireless central control device 804 isconfigured to control the electrochromic devices 801 via wirelesscommunication protocol. The wireless communication protocol could beradio frequency, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, etc., oroptical waves, such as infrared radiations which is popularly used inconsumer electronics, or sound waves. Since the wireless control isglobal, wireless protocol Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, and ZigBee are preferred. Thewireless central control device 804 may be configured to control all theelectrochromic devices 801 in a room, in a floor, or in a wholebuilding. In some embodiments, the wireless central control device 804may send a control signal to collectively and simultaneously change allthe electrochromic devices 801 to a same state. In some embodiments, thewireless central control device 804 may also send a control signal to aspecific electrochromic device 801 to change its state. In someembodiments, the wireless central control device 804 may send a controlsignal to some selected electrochromic devices 801 to change theirstates simultaneously.

In addition, each signal receiver 802 a is independently connected to acontrol device 803 through wires/cables 805. The control device 803 is alocal switch installed nearby the electrochromic device 801. By flipping(touching or pressing a button on) the control device 803, controlsignals can be received by the signal receiver 802 a, thus the state ofthe electrochromic device can be changed accordingly.

In some embodiments, a controller may be placed outside the glass, orlaminated between the two layers of glass. A controller that isintegrated into a smart window or glass support, or laminated betweenlayers of glass or electrochromic film can be call as a self-containedcontroller. In addition, since a self-contained controller does notinclude an external power, the self-contained controller is alsoself-powered. Without any external power source, the process to connectthe electrochromic film to the external power source is avoided. Also aninstallation of a smart window is as same as an installation of aregular window, since the controller is self-contained and self-powered.

FIG. 9 is a graphical presentation illustrating a self-contained andself-powered controller 900, consistent with exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, the controller 900 mayinclude a power converter 901, a power output control 902, a signalreceiver 903 and a power source 904. The power converter 901 may convertinput power from the power source 904 to the power required by thesignal receiver 903 and the power output control 902. The power source904 may be integrated with the controller 900 (either inside oroutside), and can be an energy storage, e.g. a battery, or an energygenerator, e.g. a solar cell. The power output control 902 may beconfigured to supply power to the electrochromic film 103. Since thestate of the electrochromic film 103 is driven by electric charges, thepower output control 902 can inject into or extract a certain amount ofelectric charges from the electrochromic film 103 upon signals thesignal receiver 903 receives, in order to change the state of theelectrochromic film 103. The signal receiver 903 may be configured toreceive signals sent to the controller 105, and transfer the signals tothe power output control 902.

In some embodiments, an energy storage, such as a battery, can be usedas the power source 904 to supply the power to the controller 900.Generally, lifetime of a battery could reach 10 years. The battery couldbe switched to a new battery to keep driving the electrochromic film ina smart window during maintenance.

In some embodiments, an energy generator, such as a solar cell, can beused as the power source to supply the power to the controller. FIG. 10is a graphical presentation illustrating a self-contained andself-powered controller 1100 with a solar cell, consistent withexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10,the controller 1100 may include a power converter 1101, a power outputcontrol 1102, a signal receiver 1103, a power storage unit 1104 and asolar cell 1105. The power converter 1101 may convert input power fromthe power storage unit 1104 to the power required by the signal receiver1103 and the power output control 1102. The power storage unit 1104 maybe an energy storage, e.g. a battery or a capacitor. The power outputcontrol 1102 may be configured to supply power to the electrochromicfilm. Since the state of the electrochromic film is driven by electriccharges, the power output control 1102 can inject into or extract acertain amount of electric charges from the electrochromic film uponsignals the signal receiver 1103 receives, in order to change the stateof the electrochromic film. The signal receiver 1103 may be configuredto receive signals sent to the controller 1100, and transfer the signalsto the power output control 1102.

The solar cell 1105 may be configured to convert solar energy toelectric energy and charge the power storage unit 1104, such as abattery or a capacitor in the controller. During an operation of theelectrochromic film in a smart window, the controller 1100 may drainsthe energy from the power storage unit 1104. Solar energy can be firstconverted to electric energy when light is available. The convertedelectric energy may be stored into the power storage unit 1104. Thestored energy is supplied to the controller 1100 to operate theelectrochromic film. The solar cell 1105 may not directly supply energyto the controller 1100 during operation of the electrochromic film, thusavoiding the scenario that the optical states of an electrochromic filmcannot be changed during cloudy or rainy days.

As the solar cell is configured to convert solar energy to electricenergy, the solar cell need to be facing to the light source. In someembodiments, the light source may be the sun. Thus, the solar cell needto be placed on the outer surface of a smart window, facing the sun. Insome embodiments, the light source may be indoor lighting. Thus, thesolar cell need to be placed on the inner surface of a smart window,facing the indoor lighting.

FIG. 11 is a graphical illustration showing a simplified schematic of asmart window 1300 with an integrated solar cell, consistent withexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The smart window 1300may include two layers of glass 1301, two adhesive layers 1302, anelectrochromic film 1303, a controller 1304, a solar cell 1305, and aplurality of electric wires 1306.

The electrochromic film 1303 is sandwiched between the two layers ofglass 1301. The adhesive layers 1302 are configured to attached theelectrochromic film 1303 to the layers of glass 1301. The controller1304 may be placed outside the glass 1301, and is electrically connectedwith the electrochromic film 1303 with electric wires 1306. Thecontroller 1303 may be configured to control the state of the smartwindow 1300 by controlling the states of the electrochromic film 1303.The solar cell 1305 may be placed on an outer surface of glass 1301, andis electrically connected to the controller 1304 with electric wires1306. The solar cell 1305 is configured to convert solar energy toelectric energy and supply the converted energy to the controller 1304.

In some embodiments, wireless charging may be used to provide energy tothe electrochromic films in electrochromic devices. Wireless charging,also known as inductive charging, uses electromagnetic fields totransfer power from a transmitting source to a receiving device throughelectromagnetic induction. The transmitting source may use a firstinduction coil to create an alternating electromagnetic field. Thereceiving device may use a second induction coil to receive power fromthe electromagnetic field and convert it into electric energy. Thetransferred energy then can be used to operate the device. With wirelesscharging, wiring in the device and installation may be reduced andsimplified.

FIG. 12 is a graphical presentation illustrating a wireless chargingcontroller 1400 with an energy receiver 1410 and an energy transmitter1420, consistent with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.The wireless charging controller 1400 may include an energy receiver1410 and an energy transmitter 1420.

The energy receiver 1410 may include a first induction coil 1411 and apower converter 1412. The first induction coil 1411 may be configured toreceive electromagnetic energy wirelessly transferred from the energytransmitter 1420. The power converter 1412 may be configured to convertthe received electromagnetic energy (AC) to DC power and output it tothe electrochromic films in the electrochromic devices. The energyreceiver 1410 may be attached to the electrochromic film and viewed aspart of the electrochromic film during installation. The energy receiver1410 may be integrated into the glass.

An exemplary integration of a smart window 1500 is shown in FIG. 13. Theelectrochromic film 1503 and the energy receiver 1504 are laminatedbetween two layers of glass 1501. As a result, there is no protrudingwires coming from inside of the glass to the outside. Both theelectrochromic film 1503 and the energy receiver 1504 are embeddedinside the glass unit 1501, simplifying the glazing installation. Theelectrochromic film integration methods could be applied to theintegration of the electrochromic films with energy receiver, thedetails are presented in patent application U.S. Ser. No. 15/399,852,which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, theenergy receiver may be installed outside the glass, either embeddedinside the window frame or installed outside the window.

The energy transmitter 1420 may include a power converter 1421, a secondinduction coil 1422 a, a power transmitter 1422 b and a signal receiver1423, as shown in FIG. 12. A power converter is an electrical device forconverting electric energy from one form to another such as convertingbetween AC (alternative current) and DC (direct current); or convertingto different voltage or frequency; or some combination of these. A powertransmitter in general may include electronic circuits configured totransmit electricity or energy from a power source to an electricalload. For example, the power transmitter may be a conventional powertransmitter available in the market, and may include an electronicoscillator circuit to generate signals, a modulator circuit to modulatesignals to be transmitted, an amplifier to increase the power of thesignals, and an impedance matching circuit to match the impedance of thetransmitter to the impedance of the receiver, and other circuits. Thepower converter 1421 may be configured to convert external power to thepower required by the power transmitter 1422 b and the signal receiver1423. The power transmitter 1422 b and the second induction coil 1422 amay be configured to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy to anenergy receiver of an electrochromic device. The signal receiver 1423may be configured to receive signals to change the electrochromic filmto a specific state.

An exemplary integration of a smart window 1600 is shown in FIG. 14. Theenergy transmitter 1605 may be configured to be placed outside a smartwindow 1600. For example, after the smart window is installed, theenergy transmitter 1605 could be simply attached to the outside of theglass to control the device. In some embodiments, the energy transmitter1605 may use power of a building where the smart window is installed tosupply the power to itself.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been provided forthe purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Thebreadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by anyof the above-described exemplary embodiments. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Themodifications and variations include any relevant combination of thedisclosed features. The embodiments were chosen and described in orderto best explain the principles of the invention and its practicalapplication, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understandthe invention for various embodiments and with various modificationsthat are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended thatthe scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and theirequivalence.

1. An electrochromic system, comprising: one or more electrochromicdevices, each electrochromic device comprising: two glass layers; twoadhesive layers disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers; anelectrochromic film disposed between the two adhesive layers, theelectrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solidpolymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer, wherein the solidpolymer electrolyte includes at least one electrolyte salt selected fromthe group consisting of: LiTFSI, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO,LiN(CF₃SO₂), LiSbFg, LiAsF₆, LiN(CF₃CF₂SO₂)₂, (C₂H₅)₄NBF₄,(C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄, LiI, and combinations thereof; a controller including apower converter, a signal receiver, and a power output, the powerconverter configured to receive power from a power source, the signalreceiver configured to receive a control signal, and the power outputcoupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power tothe electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromicfilm, wherein the power source is integrated with the controller, andincludes an energy storage; and a control device configured to send thecontrol signal to the signal receiver, and a central control deviceconfigured to globally control optical states of all of the one or moreelectrochromic devices.
 2. The electrochromic system of claim 1, furthercomprising a solar cell configured to convert solar energy to electricenergy to charge the power source.
 3. The electrochromic system of claim1, further comprising: an energy receiver which includes a powerconverter and a first induction coil; and an energy transmitter whichincludes a power transmitter and a second induction coil, wherein theenergy transmitter is configured to wirelessly transfer electromagneticenergy to the energy receiver, and the energy receiver is configured toreceive the electromagnetic energy wirelessly, convert theelectromagnetic energy to DC power, and output the DC power to theelectrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film.4. The electrochromic system of claim 1, wherein the solid polymerelectrolyte further comprises a polymer framework, and at least onesolid plasticizer.
 5. The electrochromic system of claim 4, wherein theat least one solid plasticizer comprises an oligomeric polymer materialsubstantially miscible with the polymer framework.
 6. (canceled)
 7. Theelectrochromic system of claim 1, wherein the signal receiver includes awireless receiver, and each control device and the central controldevice includes a wireless transmitter, wherein the wireless receiverand transmitter are configured to communicate through radio frequency,optical waves or sound waves, wherein the radio frequency includesBluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, and the optical waves include infraredlight.
 8. An electrochromic system comprising: one or moreelectrochromic devices, each electrochromic device comprising: two glasslayers; two adhesive layers disposed on inner surfaces of the two glasslayers; an electrochromic film disposed between the two adhesive layers,the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, asolid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer, wherein the solidpolymer electrolyte includes at least one electrolyte salt selected fromthe group consisting of: LiTFSI, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO,LiN(CF₃SO₂), LiSbFg, LiAsF₆, LiN(CF₃CF₂SO₂)₂, (C₂H₅)₄NBF₄,(C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄, LiI, and combinations thereof; a controller including apower converter, a signal receiver, and a power output, the powerconverter configured to receive power from a power source, the signalreceiver configured to receive a control signal, and the power outputcoupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power tothe electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromicfilm, wherein the power source is integrated with the controller, andincludes an energy storage; and a wireless control device configured tosend the control signal to the signal receiver through wirelesscommunication, and a wireless central control device configured toglobally control optical states of all of the one or more electrochromicdevices through wireless communication.
 9. The electrochromic system ofclaim 8, wherein the controller includes a ZigBee receiver configuredreceive control signals to control optical state of the electrochromicfilm.
 10. The electrochromic system of claim 9, further comprising oneor more ZigBee coordinators, each ZigBee coordinator configured tocommunicate with one or more of the ZigBee receivers.
 11. Theelectrochromic system of claim 10, further comprising a ZigBee gatewayconfigured to communicate with the ZigBee coordinators and be connectedto the Internet.
 12. The electrochromic system of claim 8, furthercomprising a solar cell configured to convert solar energy to electricenergy and charge the power source.
 13. The electrochromic system ofclaim 8, further comprising: an energy receiver which includes a powerconverter and a first induction coil; and an energy transmitter whichincludes a power transmitter and a second induction coil, wherein theenergy transmitter is configured to wirelessly transfer electromagneticenergy to the energy receiver, and the energy receiver is configured toreceive the electromagnetic energy wirelessly, convert theelectromagnetic energy to DC power, and output the DC power to theelectrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film.14. An electrochromic device, comprising: two glass layers; two adhesivelayers disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers; anelectrochromic film disposed between the two adhesive layers, theelectrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solidpolymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer, wherein the solidpolymer electrolyte includes at least one electrolyte salt selected fromthe group consisting of: LiTFSI, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO,LiN(CF₃SO₂), LiSbFg, LiAsF₆, LiN(CF₃CF₂SO₂), (C₂H₅)₄NBF₄,(C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄, LiI, and combinations thereof; a controller including apower converter, a signal receiver, and a power output, the powerconverter configured to receive power from a power source, the signalreceiver configured to receive a control signal, and the power outputcoupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power tothe electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromicfilm, wherein the power source is integrated with the controller, andincludes an energy storage; and an external switch configured to sendthe control signal to the signal receiver.
 15. The electrochromic deviceof claim 14, further comprising a solar cell configured to convert solarenergy to electric energy and charge the power source.
 16. Theelectrochromic device of claim 14, further comprising: an energyreceiver which includes a power converter and a first induction coil;and an energy transmitter which includes a power transmitter and asecond induction coil, wherein the energy transmitter is configured towirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy to the energy receiver, andthe energy receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic energywirelessly, convert the electromagnetic energy to DC power, and outputthe DC power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of theelectrochromic film.
 17. The electrochromic device of claim 14, whereinthe solid polymer electrolyte further comprises a polymer framework, andat least one solid plasticizer.
 18. The electrochromic device of claim17, wherein the at least one solid plasticizer comprises an oligomericpolymer material substantially miscible with the polymer framework. 19.(canceled)
 20. The electrochromic device of claim 14, wherein the signalreceiver includes a wireless receiver, and each control device and thecentral control device includes a wireless transmitter, wherein thewireless receiver and transmitter are configured to communicate throughradio frequency, optical waves, or sound waves, wherein the radiofrequency includes Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, and the opticalwaves include infrared light.